Cavity users include the northern flying squirrel, several species of bats, and raccoons. Species can be grouped by these layers into guilds. Mammals utilize a variety of habitat structures including cavities in snags and live trees, large downed logs, grass and shrub ground cover, rock outcrops, and burrows in deeper soils. This secondary cavity user is commonly found at forest edges and open pine woodlands. Males are brilliant blue with rusty breast, back, and sides. It brings a splash of color to the habitat that is not fully awakened from the long winter months. Although chiefly insect eaters during the breeding season, they will add fruit to their diet in winter which might explain the variety of migratory habitats. A portion of Western bluebirds are considered resident throughout their range while others are considered medium-distance migrants who either move to lower elevations or fly south to the American Southwest and Mexico. As its name indicates, it is found west of the Rocky Mountains from British Columbia to Mexico. Habitat management guidelines and objectives have been developed to restore and maintain habitats for species using tree canopies, tree and snag cavities, shrubs, ground cover, and burrows.Ī member of the thrush family, this short distant migrant is among the first to arrive in the spring. Something temporarily or permanently constructed, built, or placed and constructed of natural or manufactured parts including, but not limited to, a building, shed, cabin, porch, bridge, walkway, stair steps, sign, landing, platform, dock, rack, fence, telecommunication device, antennae, fish cleaning table, satellite dish/mount, or well head. With the completion of the Refuge Habitat Management Plan in 1999, the habitats of all other refuge bird species are being considered using a guild approach that groups species by the habitat Starting with the restoration of several wetlands drained for farming within the newly acquired tracts, the refuge worked to improve nesting cover and feeding habitat as well as creating vast sanctuaries where birds could nest, feed and raise their young undisturbed. Through most of the refuge’s existence, management of waterfowl habitat has been the primary focus of refuge staff. Turnbull's wetlands provide important breeding and migration habitat for 17 species of nesting waterfowl and 8 additional waterfowl species that either winter on the refuge or stop over during fall and winter migration. A recent butterfly inventory has identified 51 species on the refuge. The refuge is currently working on compiling a list of invertebrate species. By far the most abundant group of animals on the refuge are the invertebrates. Twelve reptile and amphibian species have been observed in refuge habitats including the rubber boa, long-toed and tiger salamanders. There are 45 species of mammals that call the refuge home including 11 species of bats, Rocky Mountain elk, moose, cougar, badgers, beaver and flying squirrels. Birds are the most numerous group of vertebrate wildlife with over 200 species using the refuge, 124 of these species nest here including several waterfowl species, marsh birds, shorebirds and songbirds. Habitat (<1%) supports a high diversity of wildlife species. The diverse landscape of the refuge consisting of 60% coverage of ponderosa pine forest, 17% wetlands, 23% prairie habitats and a small, but critical proportion ofĭefinition of riparian habitat or riparian areas.
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